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A landmark study was recently published in the scientific journal Cell: researchers from the Institute of Archeological Studies at Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), in an international collaboration, analyzed 120 ancient genomes from a region between Western Siberia and the Volga River — an area previously unexplored genetically. Their work successfully identified one of the most crucial genetic sources of the conquering Hungarians’ origins.
The team identified one of the most significant genetic sources of the conquering Hungarians: populations linked to the Karayakupovo archaeological culture, which thrived between the 8th and 10th centuries near the southern Ural Mountains. This cultural complex has long been thought to share close ties with the early Hungarians who settled in the Carpathian Basin. The study also examined the extent of genetic continuity between the Iron Age and the medieval period in the broader Ural region, as well as whether any descendants of populations associated with the 10th-century Hungarians remained in the Volga and Kama regions.
Using advanced genome analysis and novel methods for mapping genetic networks based on shared DNA segments, the researchers uncovered a direct link between the Karayakupovo communities and individuals from the Carpathian Basin’s 10th-century population.
These findings suggest that part of the conquering Hungarian population can trace its genetic heritage back to Western Siberian groups as early as the 3rd to 5th centuries, specifically those associated with the late or post-Sargat culture along the middle Irtysh and Tobol Rivers.
Despite the vast distances — spanning thousands of kilometers — the study revealed shared genetic networks between groups in the Ural-Volga region and the Carpathian Basin, suggesting a large, interconnected population with distant familial ties.
The results also highlight a dual genetic structure within the conquering Hungarian population. While the Ural-based Karayakupovo genetic signature was dominant, distinct genetic threads of Baikal and Yakutian origin were also identified, indicating a more complex, multi-origin ancestry.
Individuals with the strongest links to the southern Urals often carried genetic markers associated with Yakutia, suggesting that intermarriage with eastern groups may have occurred during migration or in the region known historically as ‘Etelköz’.
According to the researchers, the findings position the Karayakupovo culture as one of the most crucial ancestral sources of the conquering Hungarians. By the 6th century, these communities had already established themselves on both sides of the Ural Mountains. The presence of Uralic genetic types among the 10th-century Hungarians, along with tight genetic connections to the Volga-Ural region, points to a relatively swift migration into the Carpathian Basin.
While genetic data cannot directly confirm language use, the study suggests that the carriers of the newly identified Uralic genetic profile were likely among those who brought the Hungarian language into the Carpathian Basin.
Another significant finding involves genetic continuity between the early medieval Karayakupovo people and the late medieval Chiyalik culture of the Kama region. This continuity supports the hypothesis that descendants of the so-called “eastern Hungarians” — first reported by the 13th-century Dominican friar Julian — were still present west of the Urals in the 14th century.
The research was led by Balázs Gyuris from ELTE, with archaeological analysis by Leonid Vyazov (University of Ostrava) and Attila Türk (professor at Pázmány Péter Catholic University and ELTE). The project was coordinated by Anna Szécsényi-Nagy (ELTE) on the Hungarian side, and by David Reich (Harvard Medical School) on the American side.
Via MTI, ELTE, Featured image: Wikimedia Commons / Public domain
The post DNA Evidence Traces Uralic Roots in 10th-Century Hungarians appeared first on Hungary Today.
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