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The extreme heat and drought have brought this year’s harvest forward by weeks, while causing dramatic crop failures in several regions, Világgazdaság reported.
This year’s harvest in Hungary has begun earlier than ever before, but the reason for this is by no means a cause for celebration. The exceptional heat and the below-average rainfall, which has persisted for months, have accelerated the ripening of grain crops while at the same time significantly reducing yields. According to the chairman of the National Association of Grain Farmers,
we must prepare for significant crop losses, and it is becoming increasingly clear that climate change is fundamentally altering Hungarian crop production.
Tamás Petőházi told InfoRádió that the summer harvest traditionally begins with winter barley, the harvest of which began this year as early as June 8–10. In many places, the barley harvest is already complete, while combine harvesters were also seen in the wheat fields early last week. The wheat harvest will be followed by those of rapeseed, triticale, rye, and oats.
The biggest problem, however, is not the timing of the harvest but the yield.
As a result of this year’s spring drought, the country is effectively split in two. In the lowlands, yields are extremely low; in many places, only two to three metric tons of wheat are harvested per hectare. In contrast, yields in Transdanubia are still around five metric tons, which, while lower than in the best years, represent a significantly more favorable outcome.
The expert believes that the poor harvest did not come as a surprise to the industry. It was already apparent during the variety presentations in the spring that the trial plots were not developing satisfactorily and that the production fields were in even worse condition. Based on this, it was already foreseeable months ago that this year’s harvest would result in significant yield losses.
The situation was further exacerbated by the extreme heat wave of the past few days. Daily high temperatures of 38–40 degrees Celsius accelerated the drying of wheat across different varieties.
It is as if we put them in a lukewarm oven,”
said Petőházi, illustrating just how quickly the grains lost their moisture content. As a result, the differences typically observed in normal years between early- and late-maturing varieties have also disappeared.
According to the expert, however, the situation for fall grains remains more favorable than for corn, for example. Corn has been one of the biggest losers in recent years. This crop used to be grown on about 1.2 million hectares in Hungary, but the area under cultivation has since shrunk to less than 600,000 hectares.
Due to climate change, the climate suitable for corn cultivation is gradually shifting northward, causing corn production in Hungary to decline while it steadily increases in Poland. This is not merely a nationwide phenomenon, but a process that can be observed throughout the Northern Hemisphere.
Photo: MTI/Czeglédi Zsolt
Rapeseed cultivation is facing similar challenges. In the Great Plain, it is increasingly proving unsafe to grow, which is why it is gradually being displaced from the region.
Although conditions are more favorable in Transdanubia, the area under cultivation has declined significantly there as well, as farmers tend to choose crops that pose a lower risk.
As a result, the agricultural sector is intensifying its search for alternative crops. One of the most frequently mentioned options is sorghum, a plant native to Africa that tolerates drier conditions better. Experts warn, however, that this is not a silver bullet: without an adequate water supply, even sorghum cannot produce good yields. Nevertheless, it could become increasingly important for animal feed, while it is also being used more and more frequently in the market for gluten-free foods.
Photo: MTI/Czeglédi Zsolt
Farmers’ concerns are not only being exacerbated by the weather. In recent weeks, the forint has appreciated significantly against the euro, which is unfavorable for grain farmers who produce for the export market. Based on industry estimates, the purchase price for winter barley could be up to 7,000 to 9,000 HUF (19.78–25.43 EUR) per metric ton lower as a result. Although the purchase of imported machinery, fertilizers, and other inputs becomes cheaper, producers who sell their grain in euros will see lower overall revenues.
Via Világgazdaság; Featured photo: Pixabay
The post Extreme Heat and Drought Bring Harvest Weeks ahead of Schedule appeared first on Hungary Today.
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